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Text File | 1995-06-01 | 15.2 KB | 534 lines | [TEXT/MPS ] |
- .ds re \fBre2c\fP
- .ds le \fBlex\fP
- .ds rx regular expression
- .ds lx \fIl\fP-expression
- .TH RE2C 1 "8 April 1994" "Version 0.5"
- \"$Log: re2c.1,v $
- \"Revision 1.2 1994/04/16 15:50:32 peter
- \"Fix bug in simple example.
- \"
- \"Revision 1.1 1994/04/08 15:39:09 peter
- \"Initial revision
- \"
- .SH NAME
- re2c \- convert regular expressions to C/C++
-
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- \*(re [\fB-esb\fP] \fIname\fP
-
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- \*(re is a preprocessor that generates C-based recognizers from regular
- expressions.
- The input to \*(re consists of C/C++ source interleaved with
- comments of the form \fC/*!re2c\fP ... \fC*/\fP which contain
- scanner specifications.
- In the output these comments are replaced with code that, when
- executed, will find the next input token and then execute
- some user-supplied token-specific code.
-
- For example, given the following code
-
- .in +3
- .nf
- #define NULL ((char*) 0)
- char *scan(char *p){
- char *q;
- #define YYCTYPE char
- #define YYCURSOR p
- #define YYLIMIT p
- #define YYMARKER q
- #define YYFILL(n)
- /*!re2c
- [0-9]+ {return YYCURSOR;}
- [\\000-\\377] {return NULL;}
- */
- }
- .fi
- .in -3
-
- \*(re will generate
-
- .in +3
- .nf
- /* Generated by re2c on Sat Apr 16 11:40:58 1994 */
- #line 1 "simple.re"
- #define NULL ((char*) 0)
- char *scan(char *p){
- char *q;
- #define YYCTYPE char
- #define YYCURSOR p
- #define YYLIMIT p
- #define YYMARKER q
- #define YYFILL(n)
- {
- YYCTYPE yych;
- unsigned int yyaccept;
- goto yy0;
- yy1: ++YYCURSOR;
- yy0:
- if((YYLIMIT - YYCURSOR) < 2) YYFILL(2);
- yych = *YYCURSOR;
- if(yych <= '/') goto yy4;
- if(yych >= ':') goto yy4;
- yy2: yych = *++YYCURSOR;
- goto yy7;
- yy3:
- #line 10
- {return YYCURSOR;}
- yy4: yych = *++YYCURSOR;
- yy5:
- #line 11
- {return NULL;}
- yy6: ++YYCURSOR;
- if(YYLIMIT == YYCURSOR) YYFILL(1);
- yych = *YYCURSOR;
- yy7: if(yych <= '/') goto yy3;
- if(yych <= '9') goto yy6;
- goto yy3;
- }
- #line 12
-
- }
- .fi
- .in -3
-
- .SH OPTIONS
- \*(re provides the following options:
- .TP
- \fB-e\fP
- Cross-compile from an ASCII platform to an EBCDIC one.
- .TP
- \fB-s\fP
- Generate nested \fCif\fPs for some \fCswitch\fPes. Many compilers need this
- assist to generate better code.
- .TP
- \fB-b\fP
- Implies \fB-s\fP. Use bit vectors as well in the attempt to coax better
- code out of the compiler. Most useful for specifications with more than a
- few keywords (e.g. for most programming languages).
-
- .SH "INTERFACE CODE"
- Unlike other scanner generators, \*(re does not generate complete scanners:
- the user must supply some interface code.
- In particular, the user must define the following macros:
- .TP
- \fCYYCHAR\fP
- Type used to hold an input symbol.
- Usually \fCchar\fP or \fCunsigned char\fP.
- .TP
- \fCYYCURSOR\fP
- \*(lx of type \fC*YYCHAR\fP that points to the current input symbol.
- The generated code advances \fCYYCURSOR\fP as symbols are matched.
- On entry, \fCYYCURSOR\fP is assumed to point to the first character of the
- current token. On exit, \fCYYCURSOR\fP will point to the first character of
- the following token.
- .TP
- \fCYLIMIT\fP
- Expression of type \fC*YYCHAR\fP that marks the end of the buffer
- (\fCYLIMIT[-1]\fP is the last character in the buffer).
- The generated code repeatedly compares \fCYYCURSOR\fP to \fCYLIMIT\fP
- to determine when the buffer needs (re)filling.
- .TP
- \fCYYMARKER\fP
- \*(lx of type \fC*YYCHAR\fP.
- The generated code saves backtracking information in \fCYYMARKER\fP.
- .TP
- \fCYYFILL(\fP\fIn\fP\fC)\fP
- The generated code "calls" \fCYYFILL\fP when the buffer needs
- (re)filling: at least \fIn\fP additional characters should
- be provided. \fCYYFILL\fP should adjust \fCYYCURSOR\fP, \fCYYLIMIT\fP and
- \fCYYMARKER\fP as needed. Note that for typical programming languages
- \fIn\fP will be the length of the longest keyword plus one.
-
- .SH "SCANNER SPECIFICATIONS"
- Each scanner specification consists of a set of \fIrules\fP and name
- definitions.
- Rules consist of a regular expression along with a block of C/C++ code that
- is to be executed when the associated regular expression is matched.
- Name definitions are of the form
- ``\fIname\fP \fC=\fP \fIregular expression\fP\fC;\fP''.
-
- .SH "SUMMARY OF RE2C REGULAR EXPRESSIONS"
- .TP
- \fC"foo"\fP
- the literal string \fCfoo\fP.
- ANSI-C escape sequences can be used.
- .TP
- \fC[xyz]\fP
- a "character class"; in this case,
- the \*(rx matches either an '\fCx\fP', a '\fCy\fP', or a '\fCz\fP'.
- .TP
- \fC[abj-oZ]\fP
- a "character class" with a range in it;
- matches an '\fCa\fP', a '\fCb\fP', any letter from '\fCj\fP' through '\fCo\fP',
- or a '\fCZ\fP'.
- .TP
- \fIr\fP\fC\e\fP\fIs\fP
- match any \fIr\fP which isn't an \fIs\fP. \fIr\fP and \fIs\fP must be regular expressions
- which can be expressed as character classes.
- .TP
- \fIr\fP\fC*\fP
- zero or more \fIr\fP's, where \fIr\fP is any regular expression
- .TP
- \fC\fIr\fP\fC+\fP
- one or more \fIr\fP's
- .TP
- \fC\fIr\fP\fC?\fP
- zero or one \fIr\fP's (that is, "an optional \fIr\fP")
- .TP
- name
- the expansion of the "name" definition (see above)
- .TP
- \fC(\fP\fIr\fP\fC)\fP
- an \fIr\fP; parentheses are used to override precedence
- (see below)
- .TP
- \fIrs\fP
- an \fIr\fP followed by an \fIs\fP ("concatenation")
- .TP
- \fIr\fP\fC|\fP\fIs\fP
- either an \fIr\fP or an \fIs\fP
- .TP
- \fIr\fP\fC/\fP\fIs\fP
- an \fIr\fP but only if it is followed by an \fIs\fP. The s is not part of
- the matched text. This type of \*(rx is called "trailing context".
- .LP
- The regular expressions listed above are grouped according to
- precedence, from highest precedence at the top to lowest at the bottom.
- Those grouped together have equal precedence.
-
- .SH "A LARGER EXAMPLE"
- .LP
- .in +3
- .nf
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- #define ADDEQ 257
- #define ANDAND 258
- #define ANDEQ 259
- #define ARRAY 260
- #define ASM 261
- #define AUTO 262
- #define BREAK 263
- #define CASE 264
- #define CHAR 265
- #define CONST 266
- #define CONTINUE 267
- #define DECR 268
- #define DEFAULT 269
- #define DEREF 270
- #define DIVEQ 271
- #define DO 272
- #define DOUBLE 273
- #define ELLIPSIS 274
- #define ELSE 275
- #define ENUM 276
- #define EQL 277
- #define EXTERN 278
- #define FCON 279
- #define FLOAT 280
- #define FOR 281
- #define FUNCTION 282
- #define GEQ 283
- #define GOTO 284
- #define ICON 285
- #define ID 286
- #define IF 287
- #define INCR 288
- #define INT 289
- #define LEQ 290
- #define LONG 291
- #define LSHIFT 292
- #define LSHIFTEQ 293
- #define MODEQ 294
- #define MULEQ 295
- #define NEQ 296
- #define OREQ 297
- #define OROR 298
- #define POINTER 299
- #define REGISTER 300
- #define RETURN 301
- #define RSHIFT 302
- #define RSHIFTEQ 303
- #define SCON 304
- #define SHORT 305
- #define SIGNED 306
- #define SIZEOF 307
- #define STATIC 308
- #define STRUCT 309
- #define SUBEQ 310
- #define SWITCH 311
- #define TYPEDEF 312
- #define UNION 313
- #define UNSIGNED 314
- #define VOID 315
- #define VOLATILE 316
- #define WHILE 317
- #define XOREQ 318
- #define EOI 319
-
- typedef unsigned int uint;
- typedef unsigned char uchar;
-
- #define BSIZE 8192
-
- #define YYCTYPE uchar
- #define YYCURSOR cursor
- #define YYLIMIT s->lim
- #define YYMARKER s->ptr
- #define YYFILL(n) {cursor = fill(s, cursor);}
-
- #define RET(i) {s->cur = cursor; return i;}
-
- typedef struct Scanner {
- int fd;
- uchar *bot, *tok, *ptr, *cur, *pos, *lim, *top, *eof;
- uint line;
- } Scanner;
-
- uchar *fill(Scanner *s, uchar *cursor){
- if(!s->eof){
- uint cnt = s->tok - s->bot;
- if(cnt){
- memcpy(s->bot, s->tok, s->lim - s->tok);
- s->tok = s->bot;
- s->ptr -= cnt;
- cursor -= cnt;
- s->pos -= cnt;
- s->lim -= cnt;
- }
- if((s->top - s->lim) < BSIZE){
- uchar *buf = (uchar*)
- malloc(((s->lim - s->bot) + BSIZE)*sizeof(uchar));
- memcpy(buf, s->tok, s->lim - s->tok);
- s->tok = buf;
- s->ptr = &buf[s->ptr - s->bot];
- cursor = &buf[cursor - s->bot];
- s->pos = &buf[s->pos - s->bot];
- s->lim = &buf[s->lim - s->bot];
- s->top = &s->lim[BSIZE];
- free(s->bot);
- s->bot = buf;
- }
- if((cnt = read(s->fd, (char*) s->lim, BSIZE)) != BSIZE){
- s->eof = &s->lim[cnt]; *(s->eof)++ = '\\n';
- }
- s->lim += cnt;
- }
- return cursor;
- }
-
- int scan(Scanner *s){
- uchar *cursor = s->cur;
- std:
- s->tok = cursor;
- /*!re2c
- any = [\\000-\\377];
- O = [0-7];
- D = [0-9];
- L = [a-zA-Z_];
- H = [a-fA-F0-9];
- E = [Ee] [+-]? D+;
- FS = [fFlL];
- IS = [uUlL]*;
- ESC = [\\\\] ([abfnrtv?'"\\\\] | "x" H+ | O+);
- */
-
- /*!re2c
- "/*" { goto comment; }
-
- "auto" { RET(AUTO); }
- "break" { RET(BREAK); }
- "case" { RET(CASE); }
- "char" { RET(CHAR); }
- "const" { RET(CONST); }
- "continue" { RET(CONTINUE); }
- "default" { RET(DEFAULT); }
- "do" { RET(DO); }
- "double" { RET(DOUBLE); }
- "else" { RET(ELSE); }
- "enum" { RET(ENUM); }
- "extern" { RET(EXTERN); }
- "float" { RET(FLOAT); }
- "for" { RET(FOR); }
- "goto" { RET(GOTO); }
- "if" { RET(IF); }
- "int" { RET(INT); }
- "long" { RET(LONG); }
- "register" { RET(REGISTER); }
- "return" { RET(RETURN); }
- "short" { RET(SHORT); }
- "signed" { RET(SIGNED); }
- "sizeof" { RET(SIZEOF); }
- "static" { RET(STATIC); }
- "struct" { RET(STRUCT); }
- "switch" { RET(SWITCH); }
- "typedef" { RET(TYPEDEF); }
- "union" { RET(UNION); }
- "unsigned" { RET(UNSIGNED); }
- "void" { RET(VOID); }
- "volatile" { RET(VOLATILE); }
- "while" { RET(WHILE); }
-
- L (L|D)* { RET(ID); }
-
- ("0" [xX] H+ IS?) | ("0" D+ IS?) | (D+ IS?) |
- (['] (ESC|any\\[\\n\\\\'])* ['])
- { RET(ICON); }
-
- (D+ E FS?) | (D* "." D+ E? FS?) | (D+ "." D* E? FS?)
- { RET(FCON); }
-
- (["] (ESC|any\\[\\n\\\\"])* ["])
- { RET(SCON); }
-
- "..." { RET(ELLIPSIS); }
- ">>=" { RET(RSHIFTEQ); }
- "<<=" { RET(LSHIFTEQ); }
- "+=" { RET(ADDEQ); }
- "-=" { RET(SUBEQ); }
- "*=" { RET(MULEQ); }
- "/=" { RET(DIVEQ); }
- "%=" { RET(MODEQ); }
- "&=" { RET(ANDEQ); }
- "^=" { RET(XOREQ); }
- "|=" { RET(OREQ); }
- ">>" { RET(RSHIFT); }
- "<<" { RET(LSHIFT); }
- "++" { RET(INCR); }
- "--" { RET(DECR); }
- "->" { RET(DEREF); }
- "&&" { RET(ANDAND); }
- "||" { RET(OROR); }
- "<=" { RET(LEQ); }
- ">=" { RET(GEQ); }
- "==" { RET(EQL); }
- "!=" { RET(NEQ); }
- ";" { RET(';'); }
- "{" { RET('{'); }
- "}" { RET('}'); }
- "," { RET(','); }
- ":" { RET(':'); }
- "=" { RET('='); }
- "(" { RET('('); }
- ")" { RET(')'); }
- "[" { RET('['); }
- "]" { RET(']'); }
- "." { RET('.'); }
- "&" { RET('&'); }
- "!" { RET('!'); }
- "~" { RET('~'); }
- "-" { RET('-'); }
- "+" { RET('+'); }
- "*" { RET('*'); }
- "/" { RET('/'); }
- "%" { RET('%'); }
- "<" { RET('<'); }
- ">" { RET('>'); }
- "^" { RET('^'); }
- "|" { RET('|'); }
- "?" { RET('?'); }
-
-
- [ \\t\\v\\f]+ { goto std; }
-
- "\\n"
- {
- if(cursor == s->eof) RET(EOI);
- s->pos = cursor; s->line++;
- goto std;
- }
-
- any
- {
- printf("unexpected character: %c\\n", *s->tok);
- goto std;
- }
- */
-
- comment:
- /*!re2c
- "*/" { goto std; }
- "\\n"
- {
- if(cursor == s->eof) RET(EOI);
- s->tok = s->pos = cursor; s->line++;
- goto comment;
- }
- any { goto comment; }
- */
- }
-
- main(){
- Scanner in;
- int t;
- memset((char*) &in, 0, sizeof(in));
- in.fd = 0;
- while((t = scan(&in)) != EOI){
- /*
- printf("%d\\t%.*s\\n", t, in.cur - in.tok, in.tok);
- printf("%d\\n", t);
- */
- }
- close(in.fd);
- }
- .fi
- .in -3
-
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .LP
- flex(1), lex(1).
-
- .SH FEATURES
- .LP
- \*(re does not provide a default action:
- the generated code assumes that the input
- will consist of a sequence of tokens.
- Typically this can be dealt with by adding a rule such as the one for
- unexpected characters in the example above.
- .LP
- The user must arrange for a sentinel token to appear at the end of input
- (and provide a rule for matching it):
- \*(re does not provide an \fC<<EOF>>\fP expression.
- If the source is from a null-byte terminated string, a
- rule matching a null character will suffice. If the source is from a
- file then the approach taken in the example can be used: pad the input with
- a newline (or some other character that can't appear within another token);
- upon recognizing such a character check to see if it is the sentinel
- and act accordingly.
- .LP
- \*(re does not provide start conditions: use a separate scanner
- specification for each start condition (as illustrated in the above example).
- .LP
- No [^x]. Use difference instead.
- .SH BUGS
- .LP
- Only fixed length trailing context can be handled.
- .LP
- The maximum value appearing as a parameter \fIn\fP to \fCYYFILL\fP is not
- provided to the generated code (this value is needed for constructing
- the interface code).
- Note that this value is usually relatively small: for
- typical programming languages \fIn\fP will be the length of the longest
- keyword plus one.
- .LP
- Difference only works for character sets.
- .LP
- The \*(re internal algorithms need documentation.
-
- .SH AUTHOR
- .LP
- Please send bug reports, fixes and feedback to:
- .LP
- .nf
- Peter Bumbulis
- Computer Systems Group
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo, Ontario
- N2L 3G1
- Internet: peter@csg.uwaterloo.ca
- .fi
-